LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

     Honolulu, Hawaii, July 1, 1913.

             Sir: I have the honor to submit herewith and recommend for publication, as Bulletin no. 29 of the Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station, a manuscript entitled Ornamental Hibiscus in Hawaii, prepared jointly by myself and Mr.  V.  S. Holt, Assistant in Horticulture.  There is quite a general interest in the growing of hibiscus as a hedge and ornamental plant, not only in Hawaii but in other tropical and subtropical regions. A considerable number of species have been brought together for study a large number of hybrids have been produced, some of which appear to possess superior merit. The methods of culture, directions for hybridizing, and some of the hybrids are described in length.

Respectfully,

E.  V. Wilcox - Special Agent in Charge

Dr.  A.  C.  True - Director Office of Experiment Stations,
U.  S.  Department of Agricultures.

Publication recommended - A.  C.  True, Director. 

Publication  authorized - D.  F. Houston, Secretary of Agriculture

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................

SPECIES OF HIBISCUS IN HAWAII.............................................................................

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HIBISCUS FLOWERS................................................

HYBRIDIZING HIBISCUS...........................................................................................

CULTURE OF HIBISCUS.............................................................................................

CHARACTERISTICS OF HIBISCUS OF INTEREST TO BREEDERS...................................

COLORS IN HIBISCUS FLOWERS...............................................................................

ANOMALOUS FLOWERS.............................................................................................

INSECTS AND DISEASES OF  HIBISCUS.....................................................................

BREEDING WORK PLANNED......................................................................................

METHOD USED IN DESCRIBING FORMS OF HIBISCUS................................................

DESCRIPTIONS OF ORNAMENTAL FORMS OF HIBISCUS.............................................

     FORMS WITH WHITE FLOWERS...........................................................................

     FORMS WITH PINK FLOWERS..............................................................................

     FORMS WITH YELLOW FLOWERS.........................................................................

     FORMS WITH RED FLOWERS...............................................................................

                                                 ILLUSTRATIONS

             PLATE  1. RUTH WILCOX.................................................................................

            PLATE  2 .PEACHBLOW...................................................................................

            PLATE  3. SEMIDOUBLE SALMON....................................................................

            PLATE  4. WOODROW WILSON.......................................................................

            PLATE  5. 242:1..............................................................................................

            PLATE  6. 211:4..............................................................................................

            PLATE  7. 90:2................................................................................................

            PLATE  8. JAMAICA.........................................................................................

            PLATE  9. HIBISCUS BRACKENRIDGEI.............................................................

            PLATE 10. GERTRUDE IVERS. .........................................................................

            PLATE 11. 411:1 ............................................................................................

            PLATE 12. VELVET RED...................................................................................

            PLATE 13. CORAL...........................................................................................

            PLATE 14. OAHU RED.....................................................................................

            PLATE 15. MRS. HASSINGER...........................................................................

            PLATE 16. LARGE DOUBLE RED.......................................................................

ORNAMENTAL HIBISCUS IN HAWAII

 INTRODUCTION

             For many years there has been a growing interest in hibiscus in Hawaii. Several admirers of this ornamental  plant in their travels about the world have lost no opportunity to secure desirable varieties of hibiscus for planting. At least thirty‑three varieties have been brought from other regions to Hawaii. These forms together with the eight or more species native to Hawaii have furnished excellent stock From which to obtain numerous corms which we now have as result of Crossing.

            One point in favor of the use of hibiscus as an ornamental plant. Either in hedges or as individual plants, is the fact that it is relatively free from serious insect pests and fungus diseases. In  a region where the attacks of insects are likely to bring about a ragged condition of the foliage this relative immunity is an important point to consider. The work which this station has done with ornamental hibiscus began in June, 1909, and has been carried on continuously since that date. The growing demand from the military posts about Honolulu and from private individuals in Honolulu and elsewhere in Hawaii for cuttings, has made it necessary to have a large varies of hibiscus from which to select cuttings for distribution. The station has distributed upon request about 100,000 hibiscus cuttings, and the demand for this ornamental plant is growing from month to month. As a further evidence of the interest taken in I hibiscus in Honolulu it may be mentioned that a hibiscus society was formed in 1911, with the object of studying the forms of hibiscus which are now to be found in Hawaii, stimulating interest in the more desirable varieties and calling attention to the possibility of obtaining these for ornamenting gardens and grounds.

                     SPECIES OF HIBISCUS IN HAWAII

             As already indicated there are a number of native species and Introduced species or forms of hibiscus in Hawaii, which have served as a basis of hybridization in multiplying available varieties of hibiscus. Not all of the native species of hibiscus in Hawaii can be used in crossing; with some of them no success has been had in crossing, although numerous attempts have been made.

             HIBISCUS ARNOTTIANUS is a native white species which occurs under several forms quite distinct, at least from the horticulturists standpoint. These forms are commonly called Tantalus White, Waianae White, Punaluu White and Nuuanu White. H. Weimeae occurs on Kauai while the last named species is chiefly confined to the island of Oahu.

             H. WEIMEAE is also a native species with pure white flowers, and occurs under at least three forms, referred to as Knudsen White, Rice White and Lydgate White. The form referred to as Molokai White is apparently an undescribed species. The flower is pure white throughout, showing no crimson even on the column, and the characters of the leaves, bark and flower indicate that this form is distinct from the other native species of white.  H. Kokio occurs on nearly all of the islands in a number of forms which are known as Oahu Red, Hakalau Red, Molokai Red, Kipu Red and Kawaihapai Red. H.  Kahilii, described by C.  N.  Forbes from trees found on Kauai, is a large tree With rough leaves and calyx, and flower characters which distinguish It from H.  Kokio. Two other forms of native red hibiscus, one with a crimson‑pink flower and another with an orange‑scarlet flower, occur on Kauai. The orange‑scarlet form has leaves, calyx, bracts and stigmas, all of which differ decidedly from the other forms of red found on Kauai, all of these native white forms, with the exception of The Waianae White, are fertile in crossing with other species and Varieties of hibiscus. H.  Brackenridgei is a native hibiscus with sulphur‑yellow flower, which will not cross with other forms of hibiscus so far as may be judged from the numerous experiments which Have thus far been made. The same may be said for H.  Youngianus and H. Tiliaceus. The species and forms thus far mentioned are native to Hawaii.  Among introduced species there are at least four in common use, three of which have been extensively used in hybridizing. H.  Rosa‑Sinensis is The species to which the vast majority of cultivated hibiscus is Related. H.  Schizopetalus, commonly known as the coral hibiscus, has been used in many crosses as a male parent. The narrow petal white is A distinct species of hibiscus introduced from Fiji, which readily crosses with the other forms of hibiscus in Hawaii. H.  Mutabilis is Widely cultivated in Hawaii for its white flowers which crimson during the day, but has not been used successfully in crossing with other forms of hibiscus.

                   GENERAL CHARACTERISTIC OF HIBISCUS FLOWERS

             The flower of hibiscus is arranged on the plan of fives. In all single flowers of hibiscus there are five petals, separate to the base, or nearly so five stigmatic branches of the long style; five cells in the ovary; five teeth on the limb of the calm; and in some of the simpler flowers five or ten involucral bracts. The same statement is true for double flowers, except that in double flowers the staminal column is modified into an indefinite and usually large number of petals. In all species and varieties of hibiscus in Hawaii, with the exception of the native white and coral hibiscus, the petals are united with the column for only a very short distance, usually not more than one quarter inch Above the ovary. In the native white and coral flowers the petals are united with the column for a length of an inch or more.  This is also true with all the crosses in which native whites and coral are used as one parent. In the descriptive list of hibiscus given in this bulletin The term column is used to mean the staminal column. The filaments of The column in the hibiscus flower are united into a hollow sheath for The greater part of their length, standing out separately from the column along the terminal one third or more of the column. The staminal column ordinarily ends in five minute teeth.  The style carrying five stigmatic branches and five stigmas runs through the whole length of the staminal column and protrudes beyond the end of the column from one‑fourth to one‑half inch, or occasionally more. In one hybrid the stigmas even fail to protrude beyond the staminal column, or barely reach the terminal opening.

                              HYBRIDIZING HIBISCUS 

            The procedure observed in crossing hibiscus is quite similar and is essentially the same as followed with other species of plants.  In order to be certain of the purity of a cross it is essential that the flower on the plant which is to be the female parent should be emasculated the night before the morning when it is to open, and kept enclosed in a pollen‑proof bag until the pollination is performed the following morning, after which it has to be kept enclosed in a bag for a day or two until the stigmas have wilted or have become incapable of Receiving pollen carried by wind or insect. This procedure is strictly necessary in all varieties of hibiscus which are free seeding. It is an easy matter to tell by the appearance of the buds in the afternoon Which ones are to open the following morning. In selecting one for a female parent the petals are cut away with scissors so as to allow the easy removal of the unopened anthers.  The flower is then tied in a bag, as just mentioned, which is not removed except while the pollen from the male parent is thrust upon the stigmas the following morning, after which the bag is replaced and kept in position until danger of cross pollination is past. In varieties which do not seed without artificial help emasculation of the flower of the female parent is not strictly necessary.

             In most varieties both stigmas and pollen must be dry when used in crossing, otherwise fertilization may not take place. In certain other varieties, particularly the Nuuanu White the stigmas must be moistened before the pollen will germinate and penetrate through the style. In crossing hibiscus the pollen may be applied at any time from sunrise until noon in Hawaii.

            Apparently the first hybridization of hibiscus in Hawaii was done by W. M. Giffard, in 1902. His work was limited to four crosses, from Which a number of seed were obtained which in turn produced several distinct types of hybrid plants. Other persons interested in hibiscus soon gave attention to hybridization and have continued to make crosses which promise to give new flowers, with the result that we now have an unusual variety of hybrid forms of hibiscus the list of those who have contributed most to our hybrid forms, and who have been most successful breeders of hibiscus, includes V.  S.  Holt, G.  P.  Wilder, A.  M.  Cooke, A.  Gartley, J.  A.  Cummins, Mrs. Grace Rice, J.  W.  MacNeil, Mrs. T.  J.  King, Miss Josephine Soper, and W.  Rosa. Some of these breeders of hibiscus have also been instrumental in introducing promising varieties from other parts of the world. Other introductions of hibiscus have been made by J.  D. McInerny, S.  M.  Damon, Mrs.  C. L. Wight, Mrs. E. D. Tenney, A. S. Cleghorn, and A.  Koebele. As near as can be determined from the present record about one thousand crosses have been made by the persons named in the above list of breeders, of which about five hundred were made by V. S.  Holt.

                                        CULTURE OF HIBISCUS.

             After natural or artificial pollination the seeds in the capsule ripen within five or six weeks. These seeds may then be planted as soon as  dry, or, if desirable, may be kept for several months, since they hold Their vitality for a considerable period. It is always desirable to Plant all of the seed which form in a capsule after cross pollination In order to get as large a number as possible of hybrid seedlings from Which to make selection for further use. The amount of variation among seedlings from the same seed pods is very great, and this variation involves all the important characters of the plant, such as habit of growth, characteristics of foliage, color and size of dower. Striking instances of this variation will be found by consulting the descriptive list at the end of this bulletin, in which a number of conspicuous cases are shown.

             Seeds of hibiscus are usually planted in pots and covered about one‑fourth inch deep in coral sand which forms a layer about one inch deep upon the posting veil. The seedlings commonly reach a height of two inches within one month and may then be transplanted to pots, one In each pot. A month later, or when the plants are four or five inches In height they are again transplanted outside in the places where they Are to be grown.  Seedling plants under ordinary conditions may be brought into flowering within about nine to twelve months from the planting of the seed.

             Since there is always some variation in plants grown from seed, it is often desirable to propagate hibiscus from grafts of cuttings, in order to be sure of perpetuating the particular characters which have been developed in some hybrid form.  Cuttings are best taken from fairly well matured wood one‑half to one inch in diameter. The best diameter of wood for cuttings is one‑half inch. Cuttings should preferably be made five inches long, and planted three inches deep in sane the cuttings may be tied in bundles of about 100 for convenience of handling. About 95 per cent of cuttings prepared in this way will root in about one and one‑half months, and may then be transplanted into pots or directly into the garden. While the cuttings are in sand In the process of callousing and rooting they need abundant sunshine and frequent watering; the sand must be kept moist about the base of the cuttings in order to secure a high percentages of successful rooting. Cuttings planted in the garden after rooting will come into flower in about six or seven months. Grafting offers the most rapid method for obtaining flowers from desirable plants. Grafting has given considerably better results in budding, in that a more symmetrical and profuse branching is obtained from grafting than from buds. Grafts from good stock will come into flower in about three and one‑half months.

             Hibiscus may be grown either in the form of a hedge or as individual plants. The width of space depends upon the varieties which it is desired to use, upon the richness of the soil, the amount of rainfall, which determine the vigor of the growth of plants. The habit of growth of the different varieties when allowed to develop without pruning differs greatly. In size the varieties range from low, dwarf shrubs to tall trees of whip-like growth. These features of the growth of hibiscus must, of course, be considered in spacing the plants in a regular garden devoted to hibiscus, or in growing hedges of these plants. Whenever it becomes desirable to prune hedges it is necessary to water the plants at once after pruning, in order to get a prompt growth of new shoots of sufficient vigor to produce flowers of full size, and to withstand the attacks of plant lice which are particular serious upon new growth.

             Hibiscus blooms practically the year round, but the flowers are best after heavy rainy the season of abundant blooming may thus come in February, march, April and even in August, if heavy summer rains Should have occurred in July. Nearly all hibiscus flowers open in the Early morning. Some of the white forms open from 9 AM. until noon. H.  Brackenridgei opens only, late in the afternoon. In the majority of varieties the flowers close at sun of the first day, and are Therefore one‑day flowers in a much smaller number of varieties the flowers for two and rarely three days. Most varieties, as will be observed by consulting the descriptive list at the end of this bulletin, are not self seeders, while there are a few varieties which seed very freely.  In hybridization the habit of not self‑seeding is Of considerable importance, since it renders extreme precautions Unnecessary to prevent promiscuous cross fertilization. Of the double Varieties only the large double red, carnation and Fijian semi‑double Can be made to form seed, but most varieties, with the exception of Fijian double yellow, double salmon and Fijian double crimson may be Used as male parent. Some varieties are completely sterile toward Other varieties, and therefore cannot be used either as male or female Parent in crossing. (412:2 V.  S.  H., H.  Brackenridgei, H. Youngianus, and H.  Mutabilis.

 CHARACTERISTICS Of HIBISCUS Of INTEREST TO BREEDERS

             While work in the hybridization of hibiscus in Hawaii has not yet been carried through a sufficient number of generations to determine precisely how the various characters will split up or recombine in heredity, there has been much evidence gathered of the dominant characters of certain parents which are almost certain to appear in the hybrid offspring. Nearly all of the characteristics of growth, foliage, and flowers must be considered by breeders in making the selection of parents, in order to be able to surmise something of the characters which will appear in the offspring.

             The habit of growth of different forms of hibiscus varies enormously. As already indicated in the point of size alone they vary from small dwarf shrubs to trees thirty or forty feet in height. In the habit of branching hibiscus varies from densely tufted shrubs to long whip‑like  growth with very sparse lateral branches. The arrangement of the leaves also varies greatly. In some forms most of the foliage is grown, near the tips of the twigs, while the rest of the wood is naked. Others are densely covered with foliage throughout.

             The leaves vary within wide limits in all of their chief characteristics. Some of the forms are rough, hairy; while others are softly pubescent, and still others perfectly smooth and shiny. In thickness and firmness of texture there is an enormous amount of variation; likewise in the seize depth of green, length of petiole, position on the twigs and in margin. In shape the leaves on different varieties of hibiscus vary from linear through lanceolate and ovate forms to the orbicular shape. The margins vary from entire through various: decrees of crenation, serration, dentation, to deeply Incised, three lobed or completely three‑divided forms. The leaves on Young growth are naturally much larger than on old wood, and show a greater tendency to division into three or five lobes.

             The general appearance of the flower depends very much upon the width of the petals. In flowers with narrow petals intervals of greater or less width are left between the outer parts of the petals; while in some of the varieties with wider petals the petal space covered by the expanse of the flower is almost an uninterrupted area there are three general types of shape assumed by hibiscus flowers. The coral hibiscus and all of the hybrids from this parent have more or less recurved petals, with wavy scalloped edges. In H.  Brackenridgei also the petals are shortly recurved from near the base. In the majority of the four hundred or more varieties which have been studied the flower when fully opened is salver‑form. In flowers which last two days the petals are quite commonly recurved during part, at least of the first day,  and later bend forward so as to lie at right angles to the column. In a considerable number of varieties the flowers remain funnel shape until they wilt.

             The form of the petals varies from linear in the narrow petal white to decidedly obovate in the Knudsen White and in the majority of other varieties. In width this variation may be from half inch to two and half inches or even more; in length from an inch to five inches.

            So far as observations have been made there are not many cases of correlation in the characters of hibiscus. As a rule when the trunk and main stems have a dark colored bark the twigs are green, while, When the bark of the older wood is light in color the twigs are reddish or brown. The petals in the hibiscus flower are always convoluted in the bud. The, edge of the petal which is outside as folded in the bud is almost invariably of a different color from the remainder of the back surface of the petal.  Usually this overlapping edge of the petal is colored yellow or white. The examination of several hundred varieties showed that yellow is more common than white, occurring in the ratio of seven to four. On the face of the petals there are in most varieties distinct veins, usually darker than the ground color of the petals. The occurrence of darker and paler Veins is in the ratio of two to one. Almost without exception one edge Of the inside of the face of the petal is colored differently from the other edge; this is the edge which overlaps outside in the bud. In more than 75 per cent of the varieties examined there is a distinct eye of decidedly darker color than the rest of the petal.  This eye varies in width from a half inch to nearly three inches. The deep color of the eye may extend, farther out on the petals into the veins, leaving lighter areas between the veins. In many varieties there is a distinct band of lighter color immediately surrounding the eye, gradually shading off into the ground color of the petal. Number of varieties have a pure white throat and pink veins, but ordinarily the throat is white the veins are also white.

             The staminal column is an important feature of the beauty of hibiscus flowers. This varies in length from one and half inch to six inches,  or more, and has in different forms a greater variety of color than is shown by the petals.  The column may be quite smooth throughout, or may be distinctly pubescent, the hairs in the native white forms being crimson in color. As a rule the filaments are arranged on the outer one‑third of the column and vary greatly in length being sometimes more than an inch long, while in H.  Brackenridgei and a few other varieties the anthers are almost sessile.

             The stigmas are as a rule large and decidedly capitate. In the coral and native whites, however, and all of their crosses, the stigmas are much smaller. The position of the stigmas varies from the condition in which they are all closely appressed together to various degrees of divergence, in some cases being sharply at right angles with the column, and in others even decidedly reflexed. In all of the forms Thus far examined, with the exception of the coral and hybrid offspring from this species, the column is stiff, whereas with the coral it is slender and pendulous.

             The petals of the hibiscus flower undergo a rather uniform set of movements if the flower is cut from the plant and used for ornamentation in vases. Immediately after cutting the petals are likely to turn back and remain in that position for some hours, gradually moving forward again to the normal position and remaining in that position until wilting occurs. In all cases in wilting the petals fall forward around the column.

  COLORS IN HIBISCUS FLOWERS

             While there is an almost unlimited variation in shades of colors observed in hibiscus flowers there are only three primary colors, in addition to white, which are concerned in the flower pattern.  These are red, yellow and orange. An almost unlimited number of shades of red, yellow and orange occur. More than one‑half of all the varieties examined would be classified as pink in color. This pink in the majority of cases is merely a diluted crimson. In many of the pink flowers in which the eye is of the deepest crimson there are various shades of this color, fading into a merest pick wash on an almost white flower. In a large number of flowers there is more or less of the pure scarlet color, and a dilution of this color brings about a scarlet pink which is of rather common occurrence. In addition to the great number of shades of crimson and scarlet there are various mixtures of crimson and scarlet, combined in various forms with a singe of yellow or orange. The eye is in a number of varieties decidedly blackish‑crimson. No blue has been found in any of the forms of hibiscus in Hawaii, and therefore no shade which can be called lavender, with the possible exception of 107 :1 V.  S.  H., which has a mere hint of lavender on one edge of the petal

             It is well known that some of the varieties of hibiscus with red flowers may be used in producing a dye of more or less temporary nature. This has given rise to the name of shoe‑black plant in the orient, where these flowers are used in blacking shoes. In all of the reds and pinks the coloring matter is dissolved in the cell sap, and Is found only in the outer layer of epidermal cells on either side of the petal. Within a few seconds after the cells which contain the coloring matter are ruptured the color turns to a blue, by a sort of oxidation process. As a matter of fact nearly all of the red flowers develop a bluish tinge when wilting or immediately after being bruised. The yellow, orange and white colors are due to definite protoplasmic bodies in the outer layer of epidermal cells. These bodies are colored yellow or orange in those areas where a yellow or orange color shows upon the surface of the petal, and are unusually numerous and highly retractile, but otherwise without colors in the case of white flowers. In the white blotching which are common in many of the crimson pink hibiscus the coloring matter is absent in the epidermal cells underlying the white blotches; the blotching is thus merely an extension of a condition which is found in all pink or red flowers, namely, that not all of the epidermal cells contain colored sap. In those flowers in which the color is obviously a mixture of red and yellow or orange it is found upon a microscopic examination that yellow or orange protoplasmic bodies are present in the epidermal cells along with the red colored sap, thus bringing about a mixed or blended color.

ANOMALOUS   FLOWERS

             A number of anomalous conditions occur in the flowers of the hibiscus. Occasionally the parts of the flower are in fours rather than in fives, and in rare instances extras petals are produced up to at least nine. Sometimes the style does not have the usual five branches, but remains unbranched thus carrying only one stigma.

             Color sports have been observed on a number of varieties. The double salmon there are occasionally dark red double flowers, and the double‑yellow now and then bears a regular double flower half yellow and half salmon, or occasionally flowers which are of salmon color throughout. In a number of varieties it has been observed that the shade of color in the flower may change somewhat as the plant grows older, resulting sometimes in a darker flower, and sometimes in a lighter flower, by the time the plant reaches an age of two or three years.

             Two decidedly unusual conditions have been observed in the plants at this station. In 26:3 V.  S.  H., with a full double flower, the first flower from the developing bud is about four and half inches in width. As soon as the flower falls a second full double dower develops from the seed pod of the first. If the seed pod is opened in the first flower it is found to be tightly, packed with developing young petals, fully colored. A few seeds are formed attached irregularly here and there to the edges of the young petals. The flower which develops from the seed pod of the first flower is only about three inches in diameter.

             The most remarkable case of failure of the hereditary characters to blend is seen in 98:1 V. S. H. three of the plants grown from seed from the same seed pod produce regular symmetrical pink flowers. On 98:1, however, each branch bears flowers with a different color pattern, and in most of the cowers the colors are not blended at all but occur pure in patches or streaks of various size, the petals sometimes being sharply divided along the middle line. The colors of the flowers on this plant vary from pure white through yellows to various shades of pink some of them are furnished with a distinct crimson eye; others have no special color in the throat; occasionally the column is divided in half in the color pattern, one side being white and the other crimson‑pink the stigmas show the same variation in color, being yellow or deep crimson, occasionally two and half stigma of one color and two and half of the other color. This is apparently an instance of a hybrid plant in which the plant is not a single individual each twig appears to be an individual with distinct and persistent characters of its own.

INSECTS AND DISEASES 0F HIBISCUS

             As already stated, hibiscus is not as a rule seriously attacked by insect pests. At times the Japanese beetle eats holes in the leaves and flowers, showing often a decided preference for certain varieties. This injury however, does not ordinarily interfere greatly with the appearance of the plant. Young growth is often attacked by plant lice, (Aphis gossypii), or by mealy bug (Pseudococcus flamentosus). The mealy bug is especially injurious to native white hibiscus.  The flowers are sometimes injured by the attacks of grasshoppers (Xiphidium vripenne). In some localities occasional injury results from the attacks of scale insect (Chrysomphalus ficus, Aspidiotus Cyanophylli, A.  lataniae, Pseudaonidia clavigera), as well as from white fly (Aleyrodes hibisci) among the incidental insect injuries of the hibiscus mention may be made of the caterpillars (Plusia chalcites, Cosmophila noctivolans, C. sbulifera, and Phlyctaenia chytropa). The plant lice may be destroyed by spraying with kerosene emulsion, if the lady birds should not hold them in check. On young and particularly valuable plants the mealy bug may be destroyed by washing off with strong soap suds.  The other insects mentioned in the above list are ordinarily not serious enough to require artificial means for Their control.

             The only fungus disease which has attracted any attention on hibiscus is an unknown trouble much like the cotton wilt, and perhaps identical with it. This disease affects chiefly the common single red and 112 V.  S.  H. the roots of affected plants are not attacked, but whole branches may be affected from near the point where they are  attached to the trunk, and ultimately die.  The fungus appears to penetrate through both the wood and bark tissue.

Breeding work planned.

             None of the hybrid forms of hibiscus thus far produced at this station has been carried through three generations in order to determine the behavior of the various characteristics in heredity.  It is planned to carry these experiments out with four or five hybrid forms in which the parents have sharply contrasting characteristics. Seedlings will be obtained by close fertilization and flowers brought to maturity by grafting on to hardy stock, in order to save time in carrying this material through three generations. It is hoped that at the end of that time it will be possible to formulate the hereditary characteristics of hibiscus.

METHOD USED IN DESCRIBING FORMS Of HIBISCUS.

             In the following list of descriptions of species and varieties of hibiscus, each species or form has been described in the field from The examination of growing plants with fully developed flowers. The first line of each description indicates the serial number which has been applied to the form at this station. The number is followed by The initials of the breeder, if it be a hybrid plant. The name of the form is given in parenthesis in the cases of the few forms which have received names in addition to the serial number. In indicating the parents the male parent is always mentioned first. With the species And varieties which have been introduced or are native the first line of the description contains merely the word "native" or "introduced" To indicate that fact.

   THE NAMES Of THE BREEDERS Of HYBRID HIBISCUS  INDICATED  BY INITIALS  ARE AS FOLLOWS:

 V.S.H.    for V. S . Holt:
G.P.W.   for G. P. Wilder:
C.M.A.    for A.  Montague Cooke:
A.G.       for A. Gartley:
J.A.C.     for J. A. Cummins:
W.H.G.   for W. H. Giffard:
G.R.       for Grace Rice:
J.W.M.    for J. W. MacNeill:
J.K.      FOR Josephine King.

             No artificial key has been prepared for identifying the species or Varieties described in the following list. The forms have merely been grouped for convenience, according to the color of the flower, into Whites, pinks, yellows and reds. It is interesting to note that 19 are white, 124 pink, 31 yellow and 65 red. From the standpoint of the origin of these forms 14 are native, 33 introduced, one of unknown origin, and the remainder are hybrids, 116 being produced by V.  S.  Holt, 30 by C.  M.  Cooke, 15 by G.  P.  Wilder, 8 by J.  A. Cummins, 8 by A.  Gartley, 6 by W. M.  Giffard, 5 by Grace Rice. 2 by J.  W.  MacNeill and 1 by Josephine King. The 239 forms described in the following list were selected as being the most distinct and valuable forms observed in the examination of about five hundred varieties which may be found about Honolulu. Many of the hybrid forms which have been introduced have not been considered worthy of propagation and have been discarded.  We have selected for describing only those forms which are considered worth propagating and which will be retained and propagated, and may therefore be secured by those who are interested in adding  to their ornamental yard plants. It will be observed that in some of the descriptions supplementary forms have been mentioned in connection with the one which is considered best of the seedlings obtained from a single hybrid seed pod. The serial numbers used throughout the list have a secondary number attached after a colon. The secondary number indicates the number given to the particular plant grown from the seed of one seed pod the single hybrid seed pod may have contained twenty or more seeds. In most cases all of these seeds have been planted, and from the resulting seedlings selections have been made of the best plants for further propagation. The figure after the colon in the serial number therefore indicates the number of the plant from the particular cross indicated by the serial number.

DESCRIPTIONS OF ORNAMENTAL FORMS OF HIBISCUS, NATIVE, INTRODUCED AND CROSSES

FORMS WITH WHITE FLOWERS

 RUTH WILCOX   V. S. H.      (156:1) PARENTS: MAY DAMON X KNUDSEN WHITE.

BUSH: VERY VIGOROUS, FREELY BRANCHING, GOOD FOLIAGE, UPRIGHT GROWTH, BUSHY, BARK LIGHT GRAY.

LEAVES: CORDATE, CRENATE, BLUNT, 2¾   TO 4½ INCHES WIDE, 3 TO 5 INCHES LONG, LIGHT GREEN, SHINY, PUBESCENT BOTH SIDES, PETIOLE 1½ INCHES LONG.

FLOWER:  6½ INCHES WIDE, PURE WHITE, NO EYE, PETALS WIDE, COLUMN CRIMSON TOWARD TIP, 4 INCHES LONG, STIGMAS SCARLET, FILAMENTS CRIMSON, BRACTS 6 TO 8 INCHES, GREENISH BROWN, PEDUNCLE 1 INCH LONG. FLOWER  OPENS AT NOON, LASTS TWO DAYS, HAS DELICATE PERFUME. BEST WHITE THUS FAR BRED. SELF SEEDING.

 99:4     V. S. H.     PARENTS: ROSIE TENNEY X 1E

 BUSH:  DWARFISH, STURDY GROWTH, FREELY BRANCHED, GOOD FOLIAGE, DARK GRAY BARK, GREEN TWIGS.

LEAVES: ELLIPTICAL OVATE, THICK, ENTIRE DARK GREEN, BLUNT, 1 TO 2½ INCHES WIDE, 2 TO 3½ INCHES LONG PETIOLE ¾ INCHES

FLOWER:  7 INCHES WIDE, NEARLY WHITE WITH PINK TINGE, THROAT SAME COLOR, COLUMN PALE YELLOW, 3½ INCHES LONG, STIGMAS SPREADING, ORANGE, PEDUNCLE 2½ INCHES, BRACTS, 6 OR 7 GREEN, UPRIGHT HEAVY SEEDER, CROSSES READILY.

120:1.   V. S. H.     PARENTS: KNUDSEN WHITE X ETHEL L.

BUSH: STRONG GROWER, FREELY BRANCHING, BARK LIGHT GRAY, BROWNISH ON TWIGS.

LEAVES: BROADLY OVATE, CRENATE, SMOOTH, DARK GREEN, 2½ TO 3¾  INCHES WIDE, 3¾ TO 5½ INCHES LONG, PETIOLE 1¼ INCHES LONG.

FLOWER:  5¾ INCHES WIDE, WHITE WITH PINK VEINS AND INDISTINCT CRIMSON EYE, COLUMN CRIMSON, 4 INCHES LONG, PEDUNCLE 1 INCHES LONG, BRACTS 6, REDDISH BROWN, SPREADING, STIGMAS APPRESSED, DEEP CRIMSON. SELF SEEDER. MOST RESEMBLES MALE PARENT.

120:3.   V. S. H.     PARENTS: KNUDSEN WHITE X ETHEL L.

BUSH: VERY VIGOROUS, ERECT, FREELY BRANCHING, GOOD FOLIAGE, LIGHT GRAY BARK, REDDISH TWIGS,

LEAVES: ELLIPTICAL OR OVATE, SERRATE, NEARLY SMOOTH,1½ TO 2½ INCHES WIDE, 2½ TO 4¼ INCHES LONG, PETIOLE ¾ INCHES

FLOWER:  6½ INCHES WIDE, PURE WHITE THROUGHOUT, COLUMN PALE PINK, 4½ INCHES LONG PEDUNCLE 1¾ INCHES, BRACTS 5, BROWNISH, RECURVED. SEEDS FREELY.

150:1.   V. S. H.     PARENTS:   G. P. W.   207 X KNUDSEN WHITE.

BUSH: VIGOROUS GROWER WITH SPREADING BRANCHES, BARK LIGHT GRAY, RED ON TWIGS PUBESCENT.

LEAVES: BROADLY OVATE OR CORDATE, SERRATE-CRENATE, LIGHT GREEN, PUBESCENT ON BOTH SIDES, 2½ TO 3½ INCHES WIDE, 3 TO 3½ INCHES LONG, PETIOLES,1 TO 2 INCHES LONG.

FLOWER:  PURE WHITE WITH CRIMSON EYE, 4½ TO 6 INCHES WIDE, COLUMN 3 TO 4½ INCHES LONG, YELLOWISH CRIMSON AT TIP, STIGMAS PINK EACH PETAL HAS SMALL WING NEAR THROAT OF COROLLA, ODOR OF KNUDSEN WHITE FLOWER LASTS TWO DAYS; INVOLUCRE BRACTS ½ INCHES LONG, SEVEN IN NUMBER. SELF SEEDER, PROFUSE BLOOMER. LIKE MALE PARENT EXCEPT CRIMSON EYE.

291:5.   V. S. H.     PARENTS: J.P.M. TANTALUS WHITE X PARK WHITE.

BUSH: RAPID GROWTH, ERECT, WITH PROFUSE LATERAL BRANCHES, DENSE FOLIAGE, DARK GRAY BARK, GREEN TWIGS.

LEAVES: LANCEOLATE OR OVATE TO ENTIRE OR CRENATE LIGHT GREEN, SMOOTH, 1½ TO 3 INCHES WIDE, 2½ TO 4½ INCHES LONG, PETIOLE 1 INCH

FLOWER:  6 INCHES, WHITE WITH FAINT PINK WITH SMALL CRIMSON EYE, COLUMN PINK, 3½ INCHES LONG, PEDUNCLE 1½ INCHES LONG, BRACTS 6 OR 7. SPREADING, GREEN, STIGMAS ORANGE SCARLET. NOT SELF SEEDING.

410:1    V. S. H.     PARENTS: CORAL X TANTALUS 38.

BUSH: TALL, ERECT GROWTH, LIGHT GRAY BARK, GREEN TWIGS.

LEAVES: OVATE SERRATE OR CRENATE, SMOOTH, DARK GREEN, 1¾   TO 3 INCHES WIDE, 2¾  TO 4¾  INCH LONG. PETIOLE 1 INCHES

FLOWER:  5¼ INCHES WIDE, NEARLY WHITE WITH PALE PINK VEINS MEETING IN THROAT, PETALS NOTCHED, COLUMN 3½ INCHES PALE PINK, PEDUNCLE 2 INCHES, BRACTS 7, MINUTE. NOT SELF SEEDER.

410:2    V. S. H.     PARENTS: CORAL X TANTALUS 38.

HAS MORE BRANCHES, MORE DECIDEDLY PINK FLOWERS.

440:1.   C. M. C.   PARENTAGE: (?)

BUSH: RAPID GROWTH, ERECT, SPARINGLY BRANCHED, LIGHT BARK, BROWNISH TWIGS AND PETIOLES.

LEAVES: OVATE, CRENATE, SLIGHTLY PUBESCENT BENEATH, ACUMINATE, 4 TO 5¾  INCHES WIDE, 4½ TO 7½ INCHES LONG, PETIOLE 2½ INCHES LONG.

FLOWER:  6 INCHES WIDE, PURE WHITE, PALE PINK ON BACK OF PETALS, COLUMN CRIMSON, 5½ INCHES LONG, PEDUNCLE 1 INCHES. LONG, BRACTS 5 OR 6 GREEN SPREADING. NOT SELF SEEDING.

446:1   (MAY DAMON),   G. P. W.   206. PARENTS: KAUAI WHITE X BEATRICE.

BUSH: VIGOROUS GROWTH, LIGHT GRAY BARK, UPRIGHT GROWTH, SPREADING.

LEAVES: ELLIPTICAL OR OVATE ENTIRE, SMOOTH, LIGHT GREEN, 1¼ TO 2½ INCHES WIDE, 2 TO 3½ INCHES LONG, PETIOLE 1 INCHES

FLOWER:  5 INCHES WIDE, NEARLY WHITE, BACK OF PETALS CRIMSON PINK, COLUMN CRIMSON 3¼ INCHES, PEDUNCLE ½ INCHES, BRACTS 5 TO 7, NARROW, REDDISH, RECURVED. SEEDS AND CROSSES FREELY.

447   (KNUDSEN WHITE)  NATIVE

BUSH: AT TWO YEARS OF AGE 6½ FT. HIGH, ERECT BRANCHING, GRAY BARK, BROWN AND PUBESCENT ON TWIGS; OF VIGOROUS GROWTH.

LEAVES: ELLIPTICAL TO OVATE, BARELY CRENATE, PUBESCENT BOTH SIDES, 2 TO 2¾  INCHES 3¼ TO 4½ INCHES LONG, ON PETIOLES 1 TO 2 INCHES LONG, LIGHT GREEN.

FLOWER:  PURE WHITE, WITH DELICATE AROMA, EXPANSE OF 5 TO 6½ INCHES, COLUMN 5 INCHES LONG, OUTER TWO TO THIRDS CRIMSON AS ARE ALSO STIGMAS AND FILAMENTS INVOLUCRE BRACTS 7 OR 8½ INCHES LONG, RECURVED, BROWNISH, SEED POD LARGE, CROSSES READILY AS A MALE PARENT WITH NEARLY ALL VARIETIES. AS FEMALE PARENT IS LESS FERTILE AND PRODUCES WINGS ON EACH PETAL OF HYBRID.

448   (NARROW PETAL WHITE)  INTRODUCED FROM FIJI.

BUSH: STRONG GROWTH. SMOOTH LIGHT GRAY BARK, BROWNISH TWIGS.

LEAVES: ELLIPTICAL OR OVATE, ENTIRE, RED MARGINED, SMOOTH, LIGHT GREAT 1¾  TO 2¾  INCHES WIDE, 2½ TO 3¾  INCHES LONG, PETIOLE 2 INCHES LONG.

FLOWER:  5½ INCHES WIDE, PURE WHITE THROUGHOUT, PETALS ½ INCHES WIDE, COLUMN CRIMSON TO CURVED UPWARD, 4½ INCHES LONG, STIGMAS SMALL SOMETIMES INCLUDED BRACTS 6, REDDISH, SHORT, RECURVED, PEDUNCLE 1½ INCHES LONG, CALYX REDDISH. SEED AND CROSSES FREELY.

449   (PUNALUU WHITE)  NATIVE.

BUSH: STRONG GROWTH, FREELY BRANCHING FROM BASE, ERECT, DARK GRAY BARK, GREEN TWIGS, RED PETIOLES.

LEAVES: OVATE OR ORBICULAR OBSCURELY CRENATE OR ENTIRE, LIGHT GREEN PUBESCENT BENEATH, SMOOTH ABOVE, 3 TO 4¼ INCHES WIDE, 3½ TO 5 INCHES LONG, PETIOLE 1½ INCHES.

COMMENT:  USED TO MAKE NORMAN REASONER, JIM HENRY AND ROSS ESTEY.

450   (TANTALUS WHITE)  NATIVE.

A NATIVE SPECIES OCCURRING UNDER ABOUT SEVENTY FORMS OR VARIETIES, SOME GREEN ON TWIGS, WITH OF WHICH ARE HERE DESCRIBED; ALL HAVE BARK LIGHT GRAY, GREEN WITH BROWN LENTICELS AND SMOOTH LIGHT GREEN LEAVES.

T. 13   (TANTALUS).

BUSH: MODERATELY BRANCHED, MEDIUM TO STRONG GROWTH, ASCENDING BRANCHES.

LEAVES: ENTIRE OR FAINTLY CRENATE, ELLIPTICAL, OVATE OR OBOVATE, 2 TO 2½ INCHES WIDE, 3¼ TO 4 INCHES LONG, PETIOLE 1 TO 1¾  INCHES LONG.

FLOWER:  7½ INCHES WIDE, PURE WHITE, PETALS 1½ INCHES WIDE, COLUMN 5½ INCHES LONG INVOLUCER BRACTS 5 TO 7 SHORT, RECURVED, REDDISH BROWN, PEDUNCLE ¾ INCHES LONG COLUMN BECOMING DARK CRIMSON AT TIP, PUBESCENT, STIGMAS CRIMSON APPRESSED FREE SEEDERS. CROSSES READILY.

T.19   (TANTALUS).

BUSH: LOW GROWING, SHORT BRANCHES.

LEAVES: DISTINCTLY CRENATE, BROADLY OVATE, 1 TO 3 INCHES WIDE, 3¼ TO 4 INCHES LONG, PETIOLE 1 INCHES LONG.

FLOWER:  4½ INCHES WIDE, PETALS ¾ INCHES WIDE, COLUMN 4 INCHES LONG, PEDUNCLE ½ INCHES LONG.

T.23   (TANTALUS).

BUSH: PROFUSE BRANCHING, BROWNISH ON TWIGS,

LEAVES: OVATE OR OBOVATE, WITH WAVY BROWN RED MARGIN 2 TO 3 INCHES WIDE, 4 TO 5¼ INCHES LONG, PETIOLE 2 INCHES LONG.

FLOWER:  6½ INCHES WIDE, COLUMN 7 INCHES LONG, PETALS 1 INCH WIDE, PEDUNCLE 1½ INCHES LONG.

T.26  (TANTALUS)

BUSH: TALL GROWTH, MORE BROWN ON BARK.

LEAVES: BROADLY OVATE, OR NEARLY ORBICULAR, ENTIRE, 3½ TO 5¼ INCHES WIDE 3¾  TO 5 INCHES LONG, PETIOLE 1¼ INCHES LONG.

FLOWER:  6 INCHES WIDE, PETALS 1¼ INCHES WIDE, COLUMN 4½ INCHES LONG, PEDUNCLE ½ INCHES LONG.

451  (WAIANAE WHITE)  NATIVE.

BUSH: TREE 40 FT. HIGH, DARK GRAY BARK, REDDISH TWIGS.

LEAVES: OVATE, CRENATE, ACUMINATE; SMOOTH, DULL GREEN, 2 TO 2¾  INCHES WIDE. 2½ TO 3½ INCHES LONG, 1¼ INCHES PETIOLE.

FLOWER:  3½ INCHES WIDE, PURE WHITE, PETALS ¾ INCHES WIDE, COLUMN CRIMSON, 3½ INCHES LONG, PEDUNCLE 1½ INCHES, BRACTS 6 OR 7, RED, VERY SHORT, RECURVED. SELF SEEDER, DOES NOT CROSS.

452  (RICE WHITE)  NATIVE.

BUSH: GOOD GROWTH, 6 TO 8 FT. HIGH, LIGHT BARK, GREEN TWIGS, UPRIGHT, FREELY BRANCHING. LEAVES: OVATE OR ORBICULAR, CRENATE, SHINY, LIGHT GREEN, SLIGHTLY PUBESCENT. 1½ TO 3 INCHES WIDE, 2 TO 3 INCHES LONG, PETIOLE 1 INCHES LONG.

FLOWER:  4½ INCHES WIDE, PURE WHITE, PETALS 1¼ INCHES WIDE, COLUMN PALE PINK 4 INCHES LONG, PEDUNCLE 1 INCHES LONG, BRACTS 9 OR 10, BROWNISH, NARROW, RECURVED. SEEDS AND CROSSES FREELY.

COMMENT: A NATIVE WHITE HIBISCUS FOUND AT KALIHIWAI, KAUAI, BY J. M. LYDGATE, AND SENT TO C. N. FORBES, HAS SMALL FLOWERS, SHORT CALYX AND ROUGHLY PUBESCENT LEAVES.

532  (MOLOKAI WHITE)  NATIVE.

BUSH: ATTAINS A HEIGHT OF 15 TO 20 FT. LIGHT ROUGH BARK, BROWNISH TWIGS.

LEAVES: OVATE OR ORBICULAR, ENTIRE, CRENATE OR SERRATE, SMOOTH, SHINY, 2½ TO 4¼  INCHES WIDE, 2¾ TO 4 INCHES LONG, PETIOLE 2½ INCHES LONG.

FLOWER:  5¾  INCHES WIDE, PETALS 1 INCHES WIDE, WHITE THROUGHOUT, COLUMN CREAM WHITE, 3½ INCHES LONG, PEDUNCLE ¾ INCHES, BRACTS 6, VERY SHORT, RECURVED, STIGMAS CRIMSON. SEEDS FREELY AND CROSSES.

537  (A. G. 73)  PARENTS: KNUDSEN WHITE X PUNALUU WHITE.

BUSH: VIGOROUS GROWTH, ERECT BRANCHES, LIGHT BARK, BROWNISH TWIGS.

LEAVES: ELLIPTICAL OR OVATE, ENTIRE, RED MARGIN PUBESCENT, 3 TO 4 INCHES WIDE. 4 TO 5 INCHES LONG, PETIOLE 1 INCH.

FLOWER:  7½ INCHES WIDE, PURE WHITE, PETALS 1½ INCHES WIDE, COLUMN CRIMSON, 6 INCHES LONG, PEDUNCLE 1 INCHES, BRACTS 8, LONG REDDISH.

120:4   V. S. H.     (LILIUOKALANI)  PARENTS: KNUDSEN WHITE  X  ETHEL L.

BUSH: MODERATE GROWTH, LIGHT BARK, SLENDER REDDISH TWIGS.

LEAVES: OVATE, SERRATE, ACUMINATE, LIGHT GREEN, SLIGHTLY PUBESCENT BENEATH, 1½ TO 2½ INCHES WIDE, 2 TO 4 INCHES LONG, PETIOLE 1 INCH LONG.

FLOWER:  7 INCHES WIDE, WHITE, MEDIUM CRIMSON EYE, COLUMN PINK 5 INCHES LONG, PEDUNCLE 2 INCHES LONG, BRACTS 6, REDDISH, ERECT.

539   (H. MUTABILIS)  INTRODUCED.     CONFEDERATE ROSE.

BUSH: TALL, VIGOROUS GROWTH, ABUNDANT BRANCHING, DARK BARK, GREEN TWIGS, DENSE FOLIAGE.

LEAVES: PALMATELY 5-LOBED SERRATE, PUBESCENT, GRAY - GREEN, 3½ TO 5 INCHES WIDE, 4 TO 5 INCHES LONG, PETIOLE 4½ INCHES LONG.

FLOWER:  FULL DOUBLE, 4 INCHES WIDE, WHITE IN THE MORNING, CHANGING TO CRIMSON BY NIGHT, CALYX TEETH WIDE SPREAD, BRACTS 8 OR 9, SPREADING, PEDUNCLE INCHES, SEEDPOD OVOID.

ALSO KNOWN AS:  COTTON ROSE, OR CONFUSINGLY ROSE OF SHARON, TEXAS ROSE?, DIXIE ROSEMALLOW, FUYO(JAPAN).     FAMILY = MALVACEAE

FORMS WITH PINK FLOWERS

26:4   V. S. H.     PARENTS: SINGLE PINK (STATION) X CARNATION.

BUSH: TALL, IRREGULAR BRANCHING, DROOPING BRANCHES, BARK BROWNISH GRAY.

LEAVES: LANCEOLATE OR OVATE, SMOOTH, DARK GREEN, SERRATE, RAISED VEINS, 1¼ TO 2½ INCHES WIDE, 1¾ TO 3¼  INCHES LONG, PETIOLE ½ INCHES LONG.

FLOWER:  6 INCHES WIDE, UNIFORM MEDIUM CRIMSON, WITH PALER VEINS AND DARK THROAT, COLUMN CRIMSON, DECLINED, 4¼ INCHES LONG, PEDUNCLE 2½ INCHES LONG, BRACTS 6 INCHES LONG, GREEN, APPRESSED. NOT SELF SEEDING.

35:1   V. S. H.     PARENTS: SINGLE PINK (KAPIOLANI PARK) X MRS. HASSINGER.

BUSH: STRONG GROWTH, DENSE FOLIAGE, ERECT MAIN BRANCHES, PENDULOUS SIDE BRANCHES, DARK GRAY BARK, GREEN TWIGS.

LEAVES: LANCEOLATE, OVATE, ENTIRE OR IRREGULARLY DENTATE, SMOOTH, 1 TO 2 INCHES WIDE, 2 TO 3¼ INCHES LONG, PETIOLE INCHES LONG.

FLOWER:  6 INCHES WIDE, UNIFORM MEDIUM CRIMSON PINK, WITH BLACK CRIMSON EYE, COLUMN 3¾  INCHES, PEDUNCLE 2¼ INCHES, BRACTS 6 TO 8, GREEN, SPREADING. NOT SELF SEEDER.

36:1   V. S. H.     PARENTS: SINGLE PINK (KAPIOLANI PARK) X MRS. HASSINGER.

BUSH: DWARFISH, ERECT, GOOD FOLIAGE, DARK GRAY BARK, GREEN TWIGS.

LEAVES: OVATE, 3 LOBED, OR 3-DIVIDED, ENTIRE OR DENTATE, SMOOTH, 1¾  TO 2¾  INCHES WIDE, 2¾  TO 3½ INCHES LONG, PETIOLE 1 INCH.

FLOWER:  6 INCHES WIDE, MEDIUM CRIMSON PINK, LIGHTER VEINS, LARGE DARK CRIMSON EYE, COLUMN PALE PINK 3¾  INCHES LONG, PEDUNCLE 1¾  INCH, BRACTS 6. NOT SELF SEEDER.

60:1   V. S. H.     PARENTS: TANTALUS 38 X 1E.

BUSH: ERECT, SINGLE STEM, SPARSE BRANCHING, DARK GRAY BARK, GREEN TWIGS.

LEAVES: ELLIPTICAL OR OBOVATE, THICK, SMOOTH, ENTIRE OR SPARINGLY SERRATE, SOMETIMES TRUNCATE, 1½ TO 2 INCHES WIDE, 2¼ TO 3 INCHES LONG, PETIOLE ¾ INCH.

FLOWER:  6¼ INCHES WIDE, CERISE PINK, WHITE VEINS, WHITE NEAR THROAT WITH SMALL CRIMSON EYE, COLUMN WHITE 3 INCHES LONG, PEDUNCLE 2 INCHES LONG, BRACTS 6 OR 7, GREEN, UPRIGHT. FREE SEEDER.

50:1   V. S. H.     PARENTS:  OAHU RED X MRS. HASSINGER. 

BUSH: MODERATE GROWTH, FREELY BRANCHING FROM BASE, DARK BARK, GREEN TWIGS.

LEAVES: LANCEOLATE OR OVATE, TOOTHED, ACUMINATE, SMOOTH, SHINY, 1¼ TO 2 INCHES WIDE, 2 TO 3½ INCHES LONG, PETIOLE ½ INCHES LONG.

FLOWER:  5 INCHES WIDE, MEDIUM CRIMSON, DEEPER EYE, COLUMN 3¼ INCHES LONG, PEDUNCLE 1½ INCHES LONG, BRACTS 7, GREEN ERECT. NOT SELF SEEDER.

69:1   V. S. H.     PARENTS: PEACHBLOW X SINGLE LEMON.

BUSH: LOW GROWTH, SPARSE FOLIAGE, DARK BARK, GREEN TWIGS.

LEAVES: LANCEOLATE OR OVATE, CRENATE SMOOTH, THICK, 1 TO 1¾ INCHES WIDE, 2 TO 2½ INCHES LONG, NEARLY SESSILE.

FLOWER:  4 INCHES WIDE, OUTER PETALS DELICATE CRIMSON TO PINK, INNER PETALS NEARLY WHITE, LARGE SCARLET STIGMAS, PEDUNCLE 1¾  INCHES LONG, BRACTS 8, GREEN ERECT. NOT SELF SEEDER.

70:3   V. S. H.     PARENTS: CORAL X LILLIAN WILDER.

BUSH: AT TWO YEARS OF AGE 12 FT. HIGH, ERECT AND ASCENDING BRANCHES, WITH BROWN TWIGS. LEAVES: OVATE, CRENATE, SLIGHTLY PUBESCENT, 1½ INCHES WIDE, 2½ INCHES LONG, DARK GREEN.

FLOWER: FLOWERS ON 2 TO 2¾  INCH PEDUNCLE, INVOLUCRAL BRACTS 7, VERY SHORT, PETALS, COLUMN AND STIGMAS CRIMSON PINK, COLUMN SLENDER DECLINED, PETALS WITH DARK CRIMSON VEINS AND EYE, AND CRENATE EDGE. NOT SELF SEEDING. CHARACTERISTICS OF CORAL PARENT DOMINANT

87:5   V. S. H.     PARENTS: SEMIDOUBLE SALMON X SINGLE CERISE.

BUSH: AT TWO YEARS OF AGE 15 FOOT HIGH, STRONG WOOD, GOOD FOLIAGE, DARK GRAY BARK, TWIGS REDDISH PENDULOUS.

LEAVES: LANCEOLATE, ELLIPTICAL OR OVATE, SERRATE, SHINY, SMOOTH, 1½ TO 2½ INCHES WIDE, 2¼ TO 2¾  INCHES LONG, PETIOLE 1¼ INCHES.

FLOWER: 5½ INCHES WIDE, RICH CRIMSON, SMALL DARKER EYE SURROUNDED BY BAND OF SCARLET VERMILION, COLUMN 4 INCHES, STIGMAS, DEEP CRIMSON, PEDUNCLE 2 INCHES, BRACTS 5 OR 6, GREEN, ERECT. RARELY SELF SEEDING.

87:4    V. S. H.     PARENTS: SEMIDOUBLE SALMON X SINGLE CERISE.

 HAS LARGER, MORE DECIDEDLY OVATE LEAVES.

90:2   V. S. H.     PARENT SINGLE ORANGE (UPRIGHT) X SINGLE CERISE.

BUSH: STRONG GROWTH, THICK BRANCHES, BROWNISH BARK, GREEN ON TWIGS

LEAVES: ELLIPTICAL OR OVATE, ENTIRE OR CRENATE, SOMETIMES TRUNCATE, THICK, DARK GREEN, 1½ TO 2 INCHES WIDE, 2 TO 2¾  INCHES LONG, PETIOLE 1 INCH LONG.

FLOWER: 4½ INCHES WIDE, DEEP CRIMSON PINK WITH WHITE VEINS AND THROAT, COLUMN PALE YELLOW, 3 INCHES LONG, PEDUNCLE 2 INCHES LONG, STIGMAS DEEP SCARLET, BRACTS 5 TO 8 GREEN, APPRESSED. SELF SEEDER. CROSSES FREELY.

90:6   V. S. H.    PARENT SINGLE ORANGE (UPRIGHT) X SINGLE CERISE.

HAS SMALL CRIMSON EYE, SLIGHTLY MOTTLED IN THROAT, AND DARKER FLOWER .

91:1   V. S. H.     PARENTS: STATION PINK X SINGLE ORANGE (UPRIGHT).

BUSH: MEDIUM GROWTH, FREELY BRANCHING, DARK GRAY BARK.

LEAVES: OVATE, ENTIRE OR CRENATE, LIGHT GREEN, 1½ TO 2½ INCHES WIDE, 2¾  TO 3½ INCHES LONG, PETIOLE ½ INCH.

FLOWER:  4½ INCHES WIDE, UNIFORM CERISE PINK THROUGHOUT, WITH WHITE VEINS, COLUMN PALE YELLOW 2½ INCHES LONG, PEDUNCLE 1 INCH.  BRACTS 6 TO 8, SHORT, GREEN, SPREADING, STIGMAS DEEP CRIMSON. SELF SEEDER.

98:1   V. S. H.     PARENTS: ROSIE TENNEY X ETHEL L.

BUSH: VIGOROUS GROWTH, COARSE THICK BRANCHES, GRAY BARK, GREENISH ON TWIGS.

LEAVES: IRREGULAR, OVATE OBOVATE, OR ORBICULAR, THICK, DARK GREEN, PROMINENT VEINS, IRREGULARLY DENTATE OR CRENATE, 1½ 3½ INCHES WIDE, 2¼ TO 3¾  INCHES LONG, PETIOLE ½ INCHES LONG.

FLOWER: FLOWER IS DIFFERENT ON EACH BRANCH. 4½ TO 6 INCHES WIDE, CRIMSON EYE VARYING FROM SMALL TO LARGE, PETALS OFTEN IRREGULAR OR NOTCHED, VARYING IN COLOR FROM WHITE TO CRIMSON, WITH LARGE BLOTCHES OR STRIPES. OF SALMON PINK, YELLOW, WHITE OR VERMILION. ON ONE BRANCH ONE TO HALF THE FLOWER IS CRIMSON THE OTHER WHITE, STIGMAS YELLOW OR CRIMSON, COLUMN THICK, YELLOW OR CRIMSON, INCHES LONG, PEDUNCLE 2½ INCHES LONG. RARELY SEEDS.

98:2   V. S. H.     PARENTS: ROSIE TENNEY X ETHEL L.

BUSH: STRONG GROWTH, ERECT, DENSE FOLIAGE,, DARK GRAY BARK, GREEN TWIGS.

LEAVES: ELLIPTICAL OR OVATE, TO ENTIRE OR CRENATE, SMOOTH, SHINY, DARK GREEN, 1½ TO 1¾  INCHES  WIDE, 2½ TO 4¾  INCHES LONG, PETIOLE ½ INCH LONG.

FLOWER:  7 INCHES WIDE, CRIMSON PINK, MOTTLED WITH WHITISH NEAR THROAT, DEEP CRIMSON EYE, COLUMN 3 INCHES, PEDUNCLE 2½  INCHES, BRACTS 8, GREEN SPREADING, NOT SELF SEEDER.

98:3   V. S. H.     PARENTS: ROSIE TENNEY X ETHEL L.

BUSH: STRONG GROWTH, FREELY BRANCHING FROM BASE, BARK DARK BROWN, GREEN ON TWIGS, FOLIAGE DENSE.

LEAVES: LANCEOLATE, OVATE OR CORDATE, ENTIRE BLUNT OR TRUNCATE, DARK GREEN, ½ TO 2 INCHES WIDE, 1 TO 3¼ INCHES LONG PETIOLE ½ INCHES LONG.

FLOWER:  7 INCHES WIDE, UNIFORM PALE PINK, MOTTLED WITH WHITE, SMALL DARK CRIMSON EYE, STIGMAS DEEP SCARLET, COLUMN 3½  INCHES LONG PEDUNCLE 2 INCHES LONG, BRACTS 6 OR 7, GREEN, SPREADING. NOT SELF SEEDING.

102: 3    V. S. H.     PARENTS: SINGLE ORANGE (UPRIGHT) X 1E.

BUSH: LOW, UPRIGHT, PROFUSE BLOOMER, BARK BROWNISH GRAY, DENSE FOLIAGE.

LEAVES: SMOOTH, THICK ELLIPTICAL OR OVATE CRENATE OR ENTIRE, 1½ TO 3 INCHES WIDE, 2¼ TO 3½ INCHES LONG, PETIOLE 1½ INCHES LONG.

FLOWER:  4½ INCHES WIDE, PETALS PALE PINK BLOTCHED WITH YELLOWISH ON ONE SIDE, THROAT WHITE, COLUMN PALE YELLOW 3 INCHES LONG, STIGMAS SCARLET, PEDUNCLE 2 INCHES LONG. SEEDS PROFUSELY.

COMMENT: ANOTHER PLANT FROM SAME SEED POD (102:2) HAS UNIFORMLY PALE CRIMSON, PETALS  WITH LIGHT VEINS AND DARK CRIMSON EYE, SHORTER LEAVES AND RECURVED STIGMAS.

102:4    V. S. H.     PARENTS: SINGLE ORANGE (UPRIGHT) X 1E